Racism And Race Related Issues - 1194 Words

In the American Constitution, the first amendment is the Freedom of Speech. It says that people should have their voices heard, but at the same time if an individual don’t know what they saying, they should have other ethnicity different point of views. During the major incidents that’ve been happening in 2014 and 2015, when it comes to racism and race related issues, we only hear one voice. Media said that many of the writers covering these topics in the past have been from the majority white men, writing about issues that don t really affect them. These issues should be covered by black writers men, or women. A lot of racial incidents has been happening in African American communities, such as the police brutality in Ferguson, and Baltimore between 2014 and 2015. Racism, discrimination, and police brutality, which will still happen because other minorities don’t understand the history of the African American. And even though if they did, they still would do basically the same thing. Minority groups, such as the black community, should have their voices heard about things concerning racism and oppression. Because most of the oppressed are happening with Black African American. While others, who have no experience with discrimination should not speak on the topic. If minority voices were given more attention and coverage about race related issues and racism in America, we would be able to make progress in correcting certain problems. By doing so, this would helpShow MoreRelatedRacism And The American School System967 Words   |  4 PagesRacism, the discriminatory belief that mem bers of a certain race are superior or inferior to another, creates problems that are more intricate than they are skin-deep. Racial stratification emerges not only throughout individual interaction based on personal bias, but rather emerges within cultures and institutions themselves. Some would be naà ¯ve to think that racism merely hurts the feelings of the oppressed. The full extent of racism is wide-reaching, and it impacts matters much more complex thanRead MoreRacism : The Fight For Equal Justice Is A Spectator Sport1226 Words   |  5 PagesRacism entails several different and often related philosophies concentrated on the concept of race. Today in society, children from all different backgrounds are growing up not knowing what to believe and what to think about whom they are and where they come from. â€Å"Racism has become more than just individual beliefs. It’s become part of coherent sets and ideas legitimizing social practices that reinforce the unequal distri bution of power between groups designated in racial and/or ethnic terms† (Dossier:Read MoreRacial Skepticism Is The Idea That Race, As A Biological1394 Words   |  6 PagesRacial skepticism is the idea that race, as a biological category, does not exist. Population-level genetic studies have established that race is not discernable as a biological category through genetic variation between races, as genetic variation is higher within folk racial groups than between them. Folk racial groups are categories used on Census forms, the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). In â€Å"When Socially Determined Categories Make BiologicalRead MoreRacism And Its Impact On Society779 Words   |  4 Pages Racism is a concept that has been around for years. It is something that has left its mark, and even scars on our society. It has lefts mark and scars on our businesses, schools, churches, communities, and even on relationships. Racism has cost both those of color and Whites their health, families, friends, livelihoods, and even their lives. Racism has many people greatly. People of color and people who are White experience the costs of racism each and every day. Racism is felt and experiencedRead MoreRacism : Systematic Desensitization And Racism Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesInjustice: Systematic Desensitization to Racism The history of America has long been viewed by its’s occupants as one of perseverance despite great odds. We take pride in fighting for democracy and promoting freedom around the world. But, at home these tenants of democracy, equal rights and freedom are all relative; to race, gender and class. The Bill of rights offers some insight into who we should be as a nation; while reminding us of who we have not yet become. America’s â€Å"id† has always beenRead MoreRacism And Racism1199 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States there has always been accounts of racism with the most severe being against Black minorities. â€Å"Racism has been described as beliefs, attitudes, and individual and systemic approaches that degrade people based on the color of their skin,† (Graham Roemer, 2016, p. 369). 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In recent events, similar to ones that happened in the Civil Rights EraRead MoreEssay: Alleviating Racism in Law Enforcement641 Words   |  3 PagesAlleviating Racism in Law Enforcement Despite the assertion that the problem of race is essentially over in the United States, the truth remains that while laws and public standards have moved past the issue of race and into the field of equality, many individual citizens have not. This racism within the minds of citizens is existent in some level or another within scores of individuals residing in the United States, and does not discriminate between jobs or status. The nature of police work itselfRead MoreCritical Race Theory And Method : Counter Storytelling843 Words   |  4 Pagesweek’s reading, we read the article â€Å"Critical race and LatCrit theory and method: Counter-storytelling† by Daniel G. Solorzano and Tara J. Yosso. Throughout the reading, it emphasizes the racial problem that Chicana and Chicano undergraduate and graduate are facing under the educational system. In order to understand more about their experiences, the authors divided the reading into three different steps. First of all, they defined the meaning of critical race theory. This theory help provide more informationRead MoreThe Importance Of Adult Education As An Academic Discipline800 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom individual adults’ perspective, an important issue is the distribution of adult skills and competencies across the population, rather than the average performance per se. It is possible to compare the performance of individual participants by different socio-demographic factors such as race, gender, education level, immigration status, and occupation status. Table 1a-1c display distribution of U.S. adults’ performance in three domains by race. As expected, in all of the three domains, whites

The Collapse Of Asia s Economy - 2611 Words

In the years following the collapse of Asia’s economy in 1998, South Korea turned to alternative exports to assist in both the restructuring of the nation’s financial strength and it’s reputation in international markets. As a result, pop-cultural exports such as films, television dramas, pop music and celebrities associated with these forms of media discourses have found growing popularity in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan; as well as many other East and Southeast Asian countries. This growing popularity of pop-cultural exports has proved to be a tool in constructing a contemporary national image and encouraged the emergence of the ‘Korean Wave’. According to Huang (2009) ‘Hallyu’ or the ‘Korean Wave’ refers to the â€Å"...popularity of South Korean culture in other Asian countries† however, with the increased availability of digital media and the increase of social networking, the definition of Hallyu has grown to includ e Western Societies. The emergence of Hallyu came out South Korea s economy collapsing during the 1998 financial crisis in Asia, when GDP plunged and caused a turbulent period of financial insecurity within the public discourse. As a nation, from the early 1960’s South Korea enjoyed a sustained level of economic growth which would average at approximately 10% per year according to Koo (2007). However, during the later months of 1997, South Korea experience a fierce economic downturn; with the nation experiencing a shortage of foreign currency reserves and as anShow MoreRelatedThailand: Collapse of an Economy1441 Words   |  6 PagesThailand: Collapse of an Economy Introduction It is interesting to learn that the environmental heart of Southeast Asia, is no other than Thailand. The Kingdom of Thailand is considered to be much more than a lively, energetic tourist spot. Actually, it is one of the major economies in the district. 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Risk and Security Modelling and Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Risk and Security Modelling and Analysis. Answer: Introduction: As per the setup of the cloud computing factors, there is a need to take hold of the changes with handling the customer interaction process. The information exchange is based on how the information in between the organisations need to work with the financial industry. The understanding is about the cloud adoption with data digitisation which includes the examination of the financial customer base impacts. The approach is based on the change in technology where it is important to work over the private, pubic and the hybrid cloud environment. The deployment models take hold of the cloud strategies with the use of the public and the private clouds (Jonkers et al., 2016). The additional standards can take hold of the different additional of the comfort and assure about the practices in the cloud with encouraging the sign in the cloud. The regulatory standards and the compliance is set to aspire and believe about the achievement of the efforts to make sure of the different laws and the regulations. The increased regulations with the consolidation control are mainly to make sure of the necessary governance and how it is possible to meet the requirements with duplication of efforts. In this, there is a need to check on the: The assessment is based on how the gap analysis can handle the IT projects which includes the different set of the laws and the regulation. The communication assessment is to make sure of the regulatory where the assurance of the quality is mainly through the introduction files to meet the requirements with the regulators. The target models are defined to operate on the IT infrastructure with easy processes and the organisation development that leads to the development of the compliance factors. The financial sectors are mainly for working over the controlled rights and work with the designing, implementation and then controlling the effectiveness of the system. The forms are related to understand about the awareness, and the challenges which is mainly related to the compliance obligations. The market needs to be set with the major impacts highlighting about the profit and the loss. It comes with the financial services in the organisation that are important for the short-term consequences. The data accessing is based on the performance where the e-discovery request needs to be handled through easy encryption of the data with the setup of the stronger authentication (Buttyan, 2016). The classification of the data, encryption and the authentication of the users is mainly to make sure of applications that includes the management and setting the backup as needed. The changing contemplations where the investments are depending upon the return and the surplus savings is displayed in the time of 5 years. It also includes the details of the investments with the price for the development as $50,000 with the gain of $400,000. It is important to understand about the cost benefit analysis, where the standards are mainly to check about the different investments which are being done in the time of 6 years. The consideration is also about how the amount of $50,000 can work with the different factors at a much-discounted price. The financial standard services are depending upon the different areas of the cloud adoption. It includes that there is a need to handle the financial services with the core solutions that are set in premise. The external cloud factors with the hosting solutions are mainly for handling the data exchange which is set for the cloud services, along with the management of the revenue and then billing the cloud services as well. Security Posture for Aztec As per the management of Aztec, it has been seen that there are different IT applications and the resources which needs to be defined properly for the security posture. The access is mainly done to the organisation information resources which is being connected to the network of the company and managed, operated and worked on by the Aztec. The employees have been working with the remote management, with the operations that are operated by the Aztec. Hence, for this, the focus is on the accessing and working over the monitoring, managing and changing the frameworks of the security. The security standards are set with the different risks that are for the organisation under the assurance that the data is being secured. For this, the check is also on providing the huge benefits with the ability to check and handle the access to the system to properly monitor, manage and then change the framework of security. It includes the different kinds of the security standards where the risks are in the organisation with the assurance that the data is being secured (Fernandez et al., 2016). When Aztec works on deciding about the information standards, there is a need to focus on the application and the database structure that includes the different kinds of the impacts with the migration of cloud. The major impact has been on the security which depends on the deployment model and the service model (Modi et al., 2013). The Public cloud deployment and the community cloud deployment tend to extend with the security perimeters with the organisation working to provide the cloud infrastructure with the easy management of the resources. The forms are set to define the public cloud deployment model and the community cloud which includes the provider resources (ISO 27005:2008), which is critical to understand about the security related obligations. The use of the SLAs and the reporting, networking security arrangements are based on the obligations which need to be understood with the communication in the contract. For this the responsibility of the security is based on the forms where the provider and the consumer can handle the system communication (Almorsy et al., 2016). With this, the hosting of the critical data like the personal and the payroll is for the employees or the account details of the customers who try to focus on the cloud that can easily highlight about the responsibility sharing methods and the other critical cases. The public cloud could be set with the viable choices when the organisation tends to migrate the information which is made available for the different consumption process of the public that also tend to carry the lower risks. The public cloud infrastructure is set when there are equipped security measures for the information which can easily improve the security posture that is related to the infrastructure development. It is related to the improvement of the security measures and the postures which are for the infrastructure when compared to the current posture. The community cloud methods take hold of the different measures of the security requirements, where the high risks data like the handling of the customer account information could not be easily trusted with the public or the community cloud (Cavelty et al, 2016). This is based on the fact how the public cloud is found to be the best option for handling the different information patterns which are found to be sensitive. Here, this also includes the versions for minimising the risks and the challenges which are related to the negative impact on the current postures of the security. There are some of the benefits which need to focus on: The security and the scaling benefit which includes the large scale which includes the investments that are followed with the better security quality. The management of the services and the security standards are based on working over the standardised forms which includes how it is possible to create the open market with the view that is accessible to the services and the availability system (Islam et al, 2016). The smart scale methods are set for the resources and the rapidness where the dynamic problems like DDoS are handling the filtering, traffic sharing and for the encryption. The evidence is based on the gathering of the system and the auditing which includes the use of the images of the virtual machine which could be important for the virtualisation standards. The forms are set to take hold of the forensic analysis and mainly without working over the infrastructure in the offline format (Inukollu et al., 2014). Threats, vulnerabilities and consequences The security and the scale benefits are mainly taken into consideration for the small one which becomes cheaper. It includes the better quality of the security with the other defensive measures like the handling of the patch management. Through this, there is a possibility to handle the hardening of the hypervisors and the virtual machine, filtering that is important for working on the different multiple locations. With the forms, there are edge networks that are for handling the information which could be easily delivered or processed depending upon the destination which is closer to take hold of the timeliness (Islam et al., 2016). The forms are set with the management of the security services with the other standardisation processes of the interface. Aztec mainly focus on the different computing system which can create the open market with the view of the security of the services and then working on the availability of the system as well (Shahzad, 2014). The check is on the scaling of the resources and then working of the resources with the rapid forms, where the use of authentication, filtering and the traffic shaping is set for the DDoS attacks which is the major issue related to the cloud system. The evidence is based on the system that includes the gathering system and the auditing which is depending upon the useof the images for the cloud computing. It is also based on the virtualisation which could be set for the forensic analysis and mainly without any of the infrastructure change that has been set in the offline mode. The governance loss in the cloud computing system is when the customers are trying to work on the system security and the control which is based on the cloud standards and then working over the security breach change (Moncayo et al, 2016). This is based on the system change which is set for the different system of defence. There are some of the lock in measures which could be used for handling the standard data formats which are for the different procedures and the point of view. The forms are based on the portability and the data guarantee which is important for improving the service operations. The things are evaluated based on the customer to handle the providers, with the data migration that is set into the data for the house information technology environment (Mavi, 2016). This is based on working over the cloud providers when there is a portability in the system. The failure forms are the standards which is mainly due to the isolation. It also includes the forms that work on the sharing capability with the multi-tenancy in the system. There is a need to take hold of the memory, routing and the storage separation systems which are mainly for the guest hopping attack. The study is also for the resources which works for the resources of the cloud and then work on the traditional forms of the OS systems as well. It works on the system standards which includes how the cloud provider is not able to handle the services for the requirements. For this, the check is also on the auditing by the cloud customers which is found to be not accepted by any type of the cloud provider (Korir, 2017). The cases are related to work on the PCI DSS which could not be achievable by any of the public cloud infrastructure. Considering the management of the interface, the customer interface and the management in the cloud system is considered to hold the broader accessibility of the resources through the internet. This is found to be broader way than the other traditional way, where the risk is increased when the vulnerabilities is set with web browser combined with the remote access. The protection of data is for the customers and how cloud provider can handle the risks for the protection of the data. There are issues related for the customer when the data controller is to check to handle the data in a lawful manner. The data is routed with the multiple transfer ways with the federated clouds where the policy and procedures are set for easy handling of data. the providers need to provide the certificates on data processing and control the place of SAS70 certification. The insecure and incomplete deletion of data is depending upon the requests which is made in the cloud which is not only about the delet ion of the data. the timely deletion of the data is not desirable and not desirable mainly due to the requirement times which could not be accessed with free spacing for the other customers (Almorsy et al., 2016). The insider of the malicious nature is set with holding the big threats for the cloud and the architectural development depending upon the responsibility to design the cloud with viewing the CP system with easy management of the security services. It is important to take not of the customers to transfer the risks for the CP which depends on the loss of business or the reputation which is a serious damage or the problem. It is not for the risks which could not be transferred into the cloud as per the customers. The outsourcing is depending upon the responsibility and not accountability only. This is based on working over the handling of risk assessment which is carried through the demands that take hold of the different risks which are related to data security. It includes the migration of services and how the outsources are set with the different cloud service providers that tends to provide with the different service models and the hosting based on different types of the applications. The minimisation forms are related to the information with single provider that leads to the data loss risks which could be minimised. The services are linked with means related to the federated management solutions with identity forms that include the cloud hosting model which is termed as federated cloud. The model for the cloud provider is based on providing the cloud infrastructure like the SaaS model for the applications like the different applications of the desktop, messaging and the systems of email. The centre of the data is for the applications which are related to the locations that are set in and across the globe (Hashizume et al., 2013). The forms are related to the cloud service provider which tends to offer the services to host PaaS model which includes the hosting of the development and then working over the customised applications execution. The cloud service provider works on offering the infrastructure development with the hosting application and then working over the data sources that includes the HR CRM, accounting and the financial development. It is mainly set under the model of IaaS. The forms are set with the use of Aztec that works with easy responsibility to handle the disaster recovery with easy business continuity of applications. This includes the applications which are under the IaaS and PaaS models that include the infrastructure development. The applications are mainly for the provider which includes the different services and the data for a specific data. the medium and the long term, with the easy disaster recovery and the backup services could easily take hold from the different service models (Puthal et al., 2015). The cloud service providers have the liability to take hold of the different IT services, applications and the infrastructure. This is based on working for the organisation and then checking over the effectiveness of the system. For this, there is a need to take note of the different measures which include the solution of the Single Sign on/off with the unified directory for the services. The applications and the interface is for the identification of the management needs and then handling the secured management. The forms are related to the single application and interface which works for the secured management of the encryption keys and the signature where the enforcement is for the access of different access control policies (Hashem et al., 2015). The solution could easily be guaranteed with the users of the IT systems that works for the employees, vendors and the customers. This is easily complied for the different security policies and the requirements which includes the Aztec which is needed in the long run. For this, the policies are also enforced with the different user profiles and the setup is based on the fulfilment of the requirements. The organisation need to compensate towards moving towards the federated identity which includes the management solution that interlinks for the different security accounts depending upon the cloud hosting providers. Aztec focus on the services where the contemplated implementation with the different types of IT projects. The cost saving methods includes the data storage and processing of the software, where the new services are found to be free and on-demand. The situations are related to the reliability and the flexibility that is mainly to handle the key ingredients which is the major target for the effectiveness for viewing the scaling (Rong et al., 2013). The assessment is based on the scenarios or the models which is hold the migration of applications and the data sources with the external cloud computing system. The cloud is mainly within the organisation with the reduction of cost with the flexibility that work on the acceptance by the different organisation. The reach is about the secured forms where there is a need to set the information with easy handling of the data protection and privacy. The policy and the legal implications are based on the integral parts of the system which is for the SaaS or the software applications as a service. The forms are mainly related to the assurance for the cloud customers to check on the risks assessment with adoption to the cloud systems, acquisitions set with the assurance of the selected service providers. The check is based on the different points of view where the services are related to the laws which needs to be based on the service providers in the market according to the offers that is given to the individual (Ahmed, et al., 2014). References Buttyn, L. (2016). Introduction to IT Security. Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., Mller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Cavelty, M. D., Mauer, V. (2016).Power and security in the information age: Investigating the role of the state in cyberspace. Routledge. Islam, T., Manivannan, D., Zeadally, S. (2016). A classification and characterization of security threats in cloud computing.Int. J. Next-Gener. Comput,7(1). Mavi, S. (2016). Cloud Computing: Security Issues and Challenges.IITM Journal of Management and IT,7(1), 25-31. Korir, A. (2017). Cloud Computing Security Issues and Challenges.Mara Research Journal of Computer Science Security,1(1), 100-106. Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., Mller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Hashizume, K., Rosado, D. G., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. B. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing.Journal of Internet Services and Applications,4(1), 5. Hashem, I. A. T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N. B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A., Khan, S. U. (2015). The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, 98-115. Puthal, D., Sahoo, B. P. S., Mishra, S., Swain, S. (2015, January). Cloud computing features, issues, and challenges: a big picture. InComputational Intelligence and Networks (CINE), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 116-123). IEEE. Rong, C., Nguyen, S. T., Jaatun, M. G. (2013). Beyond lightning: A survey on security challenges in cloud computing.Computers Electrical Engineering,39(1), 47-54. Ahmed, M., Hossain, M. A. (2014). Cloud computing and security issues in the cloud.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(1), 25. Shahzad, F. (2014). State-of-the-art survey on cloud computing security Challenges, approaches and solutions.Procedia Computer Science,37, 357-362. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(3), 45. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, A., Rajarajan, M. (2013). A survey on security issues and solutions at different layers of Cloud computing.The Journal of Supercomputing,63(2), 561-592. Jonkers, H., Quartel, D. A. (2016, June). Enterprise Architecture-Based Risk and Security Modelling and Analysis. In International Workshop on Graphical Models for Security (pp. 94-101). Springer International Publishing. Fernandez, A., Garcia, D. F. (2016, August). Complex vs. simple asset modeling approaches for information security risk assessment: Evaluation with MAGERIT methodology. InInnovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2016 Sixth International Conference on(pp. 542-549). IEEE. Moncayo, D., Montenegro, C. (2016, October). Information security risk in SMEs: A hybrid model compatible with IFRS: Evaluation in two Ecuadorian SMEs of automotive sector. InInformation Communication and Management (ICICM), International Conference on(pp. 115-120). IEEE.

Strange Things About City Life Essays - Fairlie Locomotive

Strange Things About City Life The differences between urbanites and country people are an old story in literature and commentary. Shakespeare often has a country bumpkin for audiences to laugh at in his plays. Children of all countries are told a bedtime story about the country mouse who comes to visit the city mouse. Common sayings often remind us of the ironies of life by contrasting rural and urban origins. It has been said in many languages that the eager country boy comes to the city to have a brilliant career for the express purpose of buying a nice house in the country in which to retire. In the two essays to be discussed in the following the authors contrast urban and rural life. Henry Fairlie (1924-1990) is British and writes in a manner that is often?tongue- in- cheek? to point to some of the amusing thing about the way that people take to city life. Underlying Fairlie's humor, however, is a longing for a vanished world in which there were sharp differences between city and country. Charles Creekmore (b .1945) brings a younger and much more American perspective to the same discussion. Where Fairlie appears to despair of the future of the human race which is jammed together into cities, Creekmore defends city life saying that it has more to offer and can bring out the best in people. Underneath the surface differences between Fairlie and Creekmore as they view the urbanite, however, is a single purpose which is to use the opposed realities of urban/rural life to make some interesting points about the nature of human beings. In his ?The Idiocy of Urban Life? Henry Fairlie puts together a long list of what is silly, humiliating, and even dangerous about life in the city. He begins with some sarcastic observations about the fact that the only truly civilized creatures in the city are the rats who come out at 4 AM and lick their paws after a night of eating garbage. After these inhabitants of the city go to bed, Fairlie says: ?the two legged inhabitants of the city begin to stir and it is they not the rats, who bring the rat race?(527). Then Fairlie proceeds to point to the most obvious paradox of rural/urban realities which is that of suburban life: ?The lunacy of modern life lies in the fact that most city dwellers who can do so try to live outside the city boundaries?(527). Fairlie finds it quite amusing that the masses of people who want to work in the city also want to stream out of the city at the end of the work day. He looks back with longing on a time when the captains of industry had their large m ansions on the hill to look down on their factories and their workers too. Now people want the excitement and high pay of the city during the daytime and the calm and quiet of the country at night, Fairlie says. The only problem this gets them into is that everybody wants this at the same time and the result is the traffic jam. Some people spend large parts of their lives in rooms on wheels (cars) while others are jammed up against one another in public transport. Fairlie seems to be saying that we would have a better world if the old boundary lines between city and country could be re-established. It is hard to believe that he means this. Fairlie is far too familiar with the tortures of the commuter's life to convince the reader that somehow he avoided the ?lunacy? of urban/suburban life. What Fairlie is really saying is that we human beings are the sort of creatures who ?want it all?, namely the sophisticated life of the urban worker and the relaxed life of the country gentleman. Charles Creekmore is more interested in what goes on in the city than in the ironies of urban life that are so difficult for Fairlie. He begins his picture of city life, however, with a picture that would make Fairlie laugh. He is lined up at a toll booth trying to get out of the city and one of the charming people who works there screams at

The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan

The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan Abstract The bilateral relations between the UAE and Japan have been important for the sustained development of both countries. In particular, these states have established economic cooperation involving the exchange of natural resources and technologies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, they have common foreign policy interests such as the elimination of nuclear threats and preservation of maritime security. These countries can differ profoundly in terms of their culture or political system, but these differences do not undermine their cooperation. Overall, these countries perceive each other as strategic partners, and the situation is not like to change in the near future because Japan and the UAE have been able to resolve several important disputes such as the question related to the taxation of businesses. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely because it is important for understanding the relations between these states. Introduction This paper is aimed at examining the bilateral relations between the United Arab Emirates and Japan. In particular, one should pay close attention to the economic aspects of their cooperation because it strengthens the ties between these states. Additionally, one should examine the political aspects of their relations. Furthermore, it is critical to examine the similarities and differences in the foreign policy since this issue is important for understanding how these countries interact with one another. Overall, it is possible to argue that each of these states is interested in fostering this partnership since it contributes to the sustained development of their economies. Admittedly, these states are not strongly dependent on one another, but they value their cooperation and try to promote it by reaching agreements that can fos ter the work of various businesses. These are the main questions that should be examined in greater detail. This discussion can be useful for studying the relations between Asian countries and their counterparts from the Middle East. Economic partnership One should mention that Japan established the diplomatic relations with the UAE in 1971 at the time, when the country proclaimed its independence (Lenze 145). The partnership between these states has been critical for their economic development. Much attention should be paid to the trade between the two states.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, the UAE provides oil and natural gas which are important for the functioning of the Japanese economy as well as infrastructure. In particular, the UAE provided 25 percent of Japanese oil supplies (Nusrat). In turn, the UAE government attaches import ance to Japan as a buyer because approximately 40 percent of the oil produced in this country is sold to Japan. The government of Japan strives to maintain productive relations with various suppliers of natural resources, and the UAE is one of the most important ones. In turn, Japanese companies offer vehicles and various electronic devices. Moreover, they bring technologies that are used by various UAE enterprises. One should keep in mind that in 2012, the trade between the two countries equaled $53.9 billion. In particular, UAE imports to Japan were worth $43.9 billion while Japanese exports amounted $8.96 billion (Nusrat). Furthermore, one should mention that the amount of Japanese investment has increased dramatically during the period between 2005 and 2012 (Nusrat). In 2005, Japanese investments in the UAE economy equaled only 19 million, but seven years later, they constituted 364 million (Nusrat). These are some of the main trends should be taken into consideration. Additiona lly, both countries are the members of the World Trade Organization. Thus, one can say that there are relatively few economic barriers that may hinder trade. While discussing the economic cooperation, one should also mention, that the two countries have established closed educational partnership. For example, Tokyo University established its research centers in Abu Dhabi (Vijayan 368). The functioning of these centers is critical for the preparation of more effective labor force and adoption of technologies that increase the productivity of businesses. To a great extent, this educational cooperation is critical for the technological modernization of the UAE economy. For example, one can speak about the adoption of renewable energy (â€Å"Co-chairmanship of two Japanese ministers in the 5th IRENA Assembly†). One can argue that the relationship between these countries have been mutually profitable. Moreover, in the future, this trend is not likely to reverse itself. It should b e mentioned that these states have recently been able to reach an agreement regarding he taxation (â€Å"UAE, Japan sign treaty on taxation†). The main goal of this agreement is to eliminate double taxation which creates significant challenges for businesses working at the international level. This step can be important for fostering bilateral cooperation between the two states.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Bilateral Relationships between the UAE and Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the future, Japanese businesses and UAE regulators will have fewer reasons for entering into conflicts with one another. This is one of the details that can be distinguished.  One should keep in mind that Japan is interested in the preservation of peace in the Middle East because such events can disrupt oil supplies in the country (Miyagi 102). This is why the government of Japan is opposed to such an or ganization as Islamic State (Fackler 15). In turn, the UAE wants to attract investors and businesses that have made considerable achievements in various sectors of economy, especially those ones requiring the use of sophisticated technologies. In the long term, such partnership has been important for the strengthening of the UAE economy. It is possible to say that the economic benefits received by the two countries can be regarded as the main driver of their continued relationship. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward. Political regimes of the two countries Admittedly, much attention should be paid to internal differences. It is important to mention that these countries differ in terms of political regimes. For example, Japan can be described as the constitutional monarchy with a well-developed parliamentary system. In turn, the government of the UAE has the elements of both absolute and federal monarchies (Stewart 155). It should be mentioned that the UAE can b e regarded as the federation of monarchies. Furthermore, the policies of separates emirates can differ considerable. Thus, foreign companies may need to follow different sets of regulation. This comparison has been included in order to highlight the idea these two countries have been able to overcome these significant differences. It is importantly that the diplomats accept that idea that the UAE and Japan differ in terms of their political culture. However, they do not lay much stress on these differences. This is one of the issues that one should take into account while examining the interactions between these states. Foreign policy It should be mentioned that there are significant similarities in the foreign policy of the two countries. These countries play a critical role in the regions that they represent. Additionally, one should point out that the governments of both countries attach the importance of nuclear disarmament.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This policy can be partly explained by the fact that both countries have to face the threats of nuclear war that can be posed by such countries as North Korea and Iran. This is one of the details that should be taken into account. Apart from that, both countries lay stress on maritime security. This policy is also critical for the preservation of trade in the region. Apart from that, both countries recognize the need to minimize the threats that can be poses by the terrorist organization Islamic State. Some of Japanese citizens have already been affected by this terrorist group (Yoshida). The government of the UAE also recognizes the dangers posed by Islamic State. Therefore, it is possible to argue that these countries common geopolitical goals. These objectives can be important for minimizing potential conflicts or disputes between these states. Admittedly, there is the risk of potential conflicts which can be explained by the differences in their foreign policy. One should mentio n that Japanese government has traditionally provided support to American foreign policies, especially those ones related to the Middle East. In turn, the UAE tries to act as an independent player in this region. It is possible that at a certain point, this difference can undermine the bilateral relations of Japan with the UAE. This is one of the risks that should not be overlooked. However, researchers note that Asian countries have been able to settle potential disputes with the states representing the Middle East (Eberling 65). Yet. as it has been noted before these states have a strong economic interest that will shape the decisions of the governments. Importance of these relations for both countries It is possible to say that the relations with the UAE have been critical for Japan because this country provides natural resources that are important for the functioning of the Japanese economy. Moreover, the UAE creates additional demand for the products manufactured in Japan. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. In turn, the government of the UAE attaches importance to the partnership with Japan because the interactions with the country can be important for the economic diversification (Gorgenl 21). In particular, one should speak about the intention of this country to become less dependent on the exportation of oil. This is one of the overarching goals that have to be attained in the near future. Additionally, one should bear in mind since the early seventies, Japanese companies have acted as important investors in the Middle East. To some degree, they spurred the development of various industries in the UAE. This is why the UAE focuses on the cooperation with Japanese governmental institutions and private businesses. It is rather difficult to say that these states are strongly dependent on one another. This assumption would be rather inaccurate. However, each of these states values these bilateral relations. Conclusion On the whole, this d iscussion indicates Japan and the UAE have established close relations and productive relations with one another. Although, these countries differ dramatically in terms of culture or religion, they have been able to achieve results that have been benefited each of the parties. There has been no cause for considerable disputes between the two countries. Furthermore, the governments of both states have identified those areas of cooperation that are critical for both partners. In particular, one should speak about the supply of natural resources, transfer of technologies, foreign direct investment and so forth. Therefore, the ties between Japan and UAE will not weaken in the near future. These are the main details that can be singled out. â€Å"Co-chairmanship of two Japanese ministers in the 5th IRENA Assembly,† UAE-emb.  2015. Web. uae.emb-japan.go.jp/bilateralrelations.htm. Nusrat, Ali. â€Å"Building Bridges Between Japan And The UAE.† Gulf Business 14  March 201 4. Web. http://gulfbusiness.com/2014/03/building-bridges-japan-uae/#.VNpUDiyWlCg. Eberling, George. Future Oil Demands of China, India, and Japan: Policy Scenarios  and Implications, New York: Lexington Books, 2014. Print. Fackler, Martin. â€Å"Departing From Japan’s Pacifism, Shinzo Abe Vows Revenge for  Killings.† The New York Times, 1 Feb. 2015: 15. Print. Gorgen, Victor. A Strategic Analysis of the Construction Industry in the United Arab  Emirates: Opportunities and Threats in the Construction Business, New York: Diplomica Verlag, 2011. Print. Lenze, Nele. Converging Regions: Global Perspectives on Asia and the Middle East,  New York: Ashgate Publishing, 2014. Print. Miyagi, Yukiko. Japans Middle East Security Policy: Theory and Cases, New York:  Routledge, 2013. Print. Stewart, Dona. The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural  Perspectives, New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. â€Å"UAE, Japan sign treaty on taxation.† Gulf News. com. 17 Oct. 2012. Web. http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/uae-japan-sign-treaty-on-taxation-1.1090608 . Vijayan, Sugumaran. Application of Agents and Intelligent Information Technologies,  New York: Idea Group Inc. Yoshida, Reiji. â€Å"Islamic State threatens to kill two Japanese hostages.† The Japan  Times 20 Jan. 2020. Web. japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/01/20/national/islamic-state-threatens-kill-two-japanese-hostages/#.VNjESSyWkuM.

Getting a Drivers License in the U.S.

Getting a Drivers License in the U.S. A drivers license is a government-issued piece of identification required to operate a motor vehicle. Many places will ask for a drivers license for identification purposes including banks, or it can be used to show legal age when buying alcohol or tobacco. Unlike some countries, a U.S. drivers license is not a nationally issued piece of identification. Each state issues its own license, and requirements and procedures vary depending on your state. You can check your states requirements by referring to your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Requirements In most states, you will need a Social Security Number in order to apply for a drivers license. Bring all required identification with you, which may include your passport, foreign drivers license, birth certificate or permanent resident card, and proof of your legal immigration status. The DMV will also want to confirm that you are an in-state resident, so bring proof of residence such as a utility bill or lease in your name showing your current address. There are some general requirements in order to obtain a drivers license, including a written test, vision test, and driving test. Each state will have its own requirements and procedures. Some states will acknowledge the previous driving experience, so research the requirements for your state before you go so you can plan to bring any required paperwork from your home country. Many states will consider you a new driver, though, so be prepared for that. Preparation Prepare for your written test by picking up a copy of your states drivers guide at the DMV office. You can usually get these at no charge, and many states post their guidebooks on their DMV websites. The guidebook will teach you about traffic safety and the rules of the road. The written exam will be based on the contents of this handbook, so make sure youre well prepared. If youve never driven before, youll need to learn new driving skills to pass the road test. You can either take lessons from a very patient friend or family member (just make sure they have the right auto insurance to cover you in the case of an accident), or you can take formal lessons from a driving school in your area. Even if youve been driving for a while, it might be a good idea to take a refresher course to familiarize yourself with the new traffic laws. Testing You can usually walk into a DMV office without an appointment and take your written test that day. Watch the time, though, since most offices suspend testing for the day about an hour before closing. If your schedules flexible, try to avoid the busy times at the DMV. These are typically lunchtime, Saturdays, late afternoons and the first day after a holiday. Bring your required documentation with you and be prepared to pay a fee to cover the cost of taking the test. Once your application is complete, youll be directed to an area to take your exam. When you finish the exam, you will be told immediately whether or not you have passed. If you didnt pass, youll need to successfully pass the exam before you can take the road test. There may be a restriction on how soon you can attempt the exam and/or how many times you can take the test. If you pass the exam, you will schedule an appointment for a road test. You may be asked to take a vision test at the same time as your written exam, or during your driving test appointment. For the driving test, you will need to provide a vehicle in good working condition as well as proof of liability insurance. During the test, only you and the examiner are allowed in the car. The examiner will test your ability to drive legally and safely, and will not try to trick you in any way. At the end of the test, the examiner will tell you if you passed or failed. If you passed, you will be giving information about receiving your official drivers license. If you fail, there will likely be restrictions on when you can take the test again.

Introduction to GPS and static positioning Essay

Introduction to GPS and static positioning - Essay Example The system was introduced by the US military but today anyone can access its services through the use of a GPS receiver (McNamara, 52). The satellite system uses a trilateration principle to determine the location of the receiver (Maini and Varsha, 428). In three dimension trilateration, the requirement for the system to generate the exact location of the receiver is a direct line of signal from at least three satellites and the distance between a receiver and the satellites (Maini and Varsha, 411). These details are obtained by the receiver from analyzing the high frequency radio signals from the satellites. This distance is derived from a calculation of the time used by the frequencies to travel from one satellite to the receiver on a location that is on earth. This measurement is only possible if the time in both the satellite and the receiver are synchronized. Otherwise the delay would not give an accurate value of the distances obtained. To synchronize the time in space and the time in the atmosphere where gravity pulls are varied requires both the receiver and the satellite to have atomic clocks. However atomic clocks are very expensive and as such, the GPS system uses an error correction method that involves the fourth satellite. From the fourth satellites transmission of signals, the inaccuracy in trilatration is appropriately adjusted (Maini and Varsha, 308). The calculation for the error adjustment by the receiver is repeated several times to make the receiver just as effective without the atomic watch for synchronization. Further errors are bound to arise in the process of calculating the distance and location of the receiver. These include the effect of delays of signals in different layers of the atmosphere. However, the speed of electromagnetic waves is not affected and travels at the same speed as that of light. In different substances, the speed is considerably reduced. These variations in the speed of the waves are

The external environment of Manchester United Essay - 1

The external environment of Manchester United - Essay Example Brand image can easily be considered as the greatest strength of Manchester United football club. Its brand image is globally recognized. Millions of fans and followers of the football club are present all over the world. Any type of merchandise available in the market having the logo or the name of Manchester United is easily identified by any of its fans all around the world. However the club needs to live up to the expectations of their fans in order to sustain their brand image. Sir Alex Ferguson, the manager of Manchester United for past many years, is one of the powerful and biggest assets for the football club. Manchester United was managed most effectively and efficiently by Sir Alex Ferguson for more than 25 years now and still continuing to do so (Manchester United Ltd., 2012a). He can be regarded as the most successful manager ever in the history of club football in UK. This type of consistency in performance maintained by the club helps in the decision making process rega rding prospective investments made by the company. Sales ticket is also considered to be one of the greatest strength of the club because of the huge fan base it possesses. There is a huge demand for the match tickets and the revenues generated from ticket sales are expected to increase significantly in the upcoming years. However ticket sales are not the only income source for the club. It has its products in offer too which contributes towards a significant portion of the revenues generated by Manchester United. Huge number of retail stores is run by MU and its distribution channel is also quite strong. The variety of products offered by MU can be considered as one of its major weaknesses. It is true that MU has a wide variety of products in offer for their fans, starting from the merchandise products to credit cards. However an area of concern is whether fans were involved in this type of decisions or not?

Outline the Ways in Which Rubbish Can Be Said to Have Value in a Consumer Society Essay Example for Free

Outline the Ways in Which Rubbish Can Be Said to Have Value in a Consumer Society Essay Shopping is an important part of the modern consumer lifestyle. It is enjoyed as a social activity and is about identity and expression as much as the usefulness of the purchase. People define themselves not only by their jobs, but also by their possessions and the things they own. Rubbish is only considered rubbish because people disvalue it. People want it to be invisible; once the rubbish goes out for collection, it can be forgotten. However, consumer society does value rubbish as value is personal and is never fixed. It can change over time and become re-valued again whether economically or aesthetically or both. This essay will look at the ways in which rubbish is valued in a consumer society by outlining consumption and the increase in rubbish, Bauman’s theory of the seduced and the repressed; Environmental Economic value and Thompson’s Rubbish Theory. Rubbish per household has increased over the years. Between 1957- 2006, household rubbish had risen by 28%. (Brown, 2009, p.107) This could be attributed to a rise in affluence and the availability of credit, which enables more people to participate in consumer society. Disposable income increases the likelihood of people spending on luxury goods rather than just the essentials. Other possible factors are the increase in mass consumption during that period; shops offer lower prices and more choice. People also eat more; use more services; and buy more clothes and white goods. 9% of total expenditure was spent on services in 1957, compared to 25% in 2006 (which includes personal goods; household and leisure services) (Brown, 2009, p.110) and data collected by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) (Hetherington, 2009, p.23) shows that the average household spends more on recreation and culture (luxuries) than non-alcohol and food (essentials). Although the data cannot take every circumstance into account, it does suggest that as people became more affluent over the years, the amount of money spent on luxuries increased and with affluence and choice people tend to dispose of items more readily then they would have 50 years ago. Consumers can feel pressured to keep up with the latest trends. The constant changes in fashion and technology encourage people to upgrade their goods before the lifespan of the existing item has expired. It gives them a sense of worth in society, as it helps them to fit into a certain lifestyle. The data supports Bauman’s theory (Hetherington, 2009, p.26) that being a part of consumer society helps people to establish identity and self expression. It also reflects a lifestyle that others might aspire to. He calls these people the seduced, as they have the means and the desire to consume effectively and are therefore valued in society. In contrast, the repressed, who may not be able to consume as effectively due to a lack of income, age or disability for example; can feel excluded from the consumer society. However, these categories are interchangeable and people can move between the two categories. The result of consumption is waste, and increased consumption equals an increase in rubbish. It could be argued that the seduced, being the more active consumers, are more likely to create the most rubbish, due to their greater consumer habits. Regardless of this, eventually all of the items, food and appliances that we consume end up as rubbish and it needs to be dealt with. Despite rubbish generally being viewed as negative, some people view it positively. There are people whose business is rubbish and therefore, it is of value to them economically, such as, restoration and re-sale or a large company profiting from its disposal. Rubbish collecting can also be a resourceful hobby. A discarded item from a skip or the dump can be salvaged or restored and made into an item of value again, whether it’s use value, aesthetic value or both. Environmentalists also value rubbish by pursuing a greener lifestyle. Recently, the Government has put more emphasis on environmental issues and it has made people more aware of the impact they are having on the planet. Although reducing consumption would be the obvious answer; in the meantime, reuse recycling schemes and fortnightly rubbish collections have encouraged people to consider the value of rubbish and the environment. The UK is still a poor performer when compared with other European countries and although there is still a long way to go, recycling has increased. Information provided by Defra, 2007 (Brown, 2009, p.117) shows that the percentage of total rubbish recycled has steadily increased. In 1983/4 the rate of rubbish recycled was 1% compared to 31% in 2006/7. Although the total amount of rubbish also increased during earlier years, as of 2003/4, the amount of rubbish began to decrease as the rate of recycling increased. Due to the increase in environmental awareness, rubbish has become valued by people who want to contribute to a greener, more environmentally friendly lifestyle. Being environmentally friendly has also become about identity and image, and it has become a positive social attribute. However, it is not just environmental issues that give rubbish value. The downturn in the economy has prompted people to re-use and re-sell their unwanted items instead of throwing them away. Mobile phones can be recycled for money and various unwanted items can be sold on with the aid of local newspapers and internet auction sites. While one person is disposing of their rubbish for profit, someone else is gaining something that they value. In Thompsons Rubbish Theory (Brown, 2009, p.122) he explains how some items considered as rubbish can evolve and gain value again. He suggests that some items can move from the transient category (items produced for use) via rubbish (items that become of little or zero value) into the durable category (where value increases over time) and be valued again. When an object moves from transient to durable its value first drops before it begins to rise again. Thompson’s example of this would be Stevengraphs (Brown, 2009, p.124). Thomas Stevens made a profitable business by selling his silkworks in the 1800’s, but by the mid twentieth century, they had become almost valueless. Over time the items became collector’s pieces and their value began to rise. This example shows that value is not fixed; an item can lose or gain value over time. Thompson suggests that one of the reasons for this rise and fall is because of supply and demand (Brown, 2009, p.126). From a collectors perspective, buying a Stevengraph when the supply was plentiful compared to the demand, meant that it could be purchased relatively cheaply. As the supply diminished over the years, the remaining pieces became rare and therefore more valuable to the collectors. When the demand outweighs the supply, it results in an increase in price and value. To conclude, it can be said that rubbish has value in a consumer society. Although generally viewed negatively, it does have value to a number of different people. Rubbish is valuable to people who work in the waste industry and gain profit or wages from it. Environmentalists’ value rubbish as it helps them to contribute to an environmentally friendly lifestyle by reusing and recycling. And people suffering in the economic downturn have found a new way to value rubbish, by selling it on and buying items second hand in order to save money, which consequently, saves on waste. Finally, Thompson suggests that rubbish can be re-valued as items move from the transient category via rubbish, into the durable category where its value rises again.

ASDAs Hierarchial Structure :: Papers

ASDA's Hierarchial Structure A hierarchical structure has many levels. Each level is controlled by one person. A hierarchical company tends to be a very big company just like ASDA is. In a hierarchical company, instructions are generally passed down from one person to another until it gets to the bottom. If there was a problem in a hierarchical structure it would move up through the structure again from one person to another until it gets to where it is supported to be. Strengths of a Hierarchical structure In a hierarchical structure there is a close control of workers. Workers in ASDA will know exactly what they have to do so they don’t wait around until they are told what they have to do. There is a small span of control. A span of control is when an amount of people report to one person. Also there is a better chance for promotion. Weaknesses of a Hierarchical structure In a hierarchical structure information is slow moving. There may be poor communication between departments. Also workers may not feel involved in the business and they may not feel motivated to work. The types of communication used in a Hierarchical structure The type of communication used is hierarchical will be more written communication. It will be written communication because the information will have a long way to go before it gets to the person. If it was verbal then when the message gets passed on it will change along the way. Any problems in communication and how I can solve it The problem with communication in hierarchical will be: communication will be slow, might not reach its destination and the information might change. Possible solutions: if the information is slow then maybe you can e-mail the person and then the information will get there faster. If the information might change then it will be a good thing to write it down so it won’t change. An explanation of the type of structure for Castell Engineering: ASDA's Hierarchial Structure :: Papers ASDA's Hierarchial Structure A hierarchical structure has many levels. Each level is controlled by one person. A hierarchical company tends to be a very big company just like ASDA is. In a hierarchical company, instructions are generally passed down from one person to another until it gets to the bottom. If there was a problem in a hierarchical structure it would move up through the structure again from one person to another until it gets to where it is supported to be. Strengths of a Hierarchical structure In a hierarchical structure there is a close control of workers. Workers in ASDA will know exactly what they have to do so they don’t wait around until they are told what they have to do. There is a small span of control. A span of control is when an amount of people report to one person. Also there is a better chance for promotion. Weaknesses of a Hierarchical structure In a hierarchical structure information is slow moving. There may be poor communication between departments. Also workers may not feel involved in the business and they may not feel motivated to work. The types of communication used in a Hierarchical structure The type of communication used is hierarchical will be more written communication. It will be written communication because the information will have a long way to go before it gets to the person. If it was verbal then when the message gets passed on it will change along the way. Any problems in communication and how I can solve it The problem with communication in hierarchical will be: communication will be slow, might not reach its destination and the information might change. Possible solutions: if the information is slow then maybe you can e-mail the person and then the information will get there faster. If the information might change then it will be a good thing to write it down so it won’t change. An explanation of the type of structure for Castell Engineering:

English Proverbs and Sayings

? 9  «? » ?. ?. : ?. ?. , 2010 CONTENTS Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 3 1. The problem of the definition of proverbs and sayings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2. The origin of English proverbs and sayings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3. The thematic classification of English proverbs and sayings†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 4. The usage of English proverbs and sayings in teaching English 4. pronunciation .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 4. 2 grammar †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 4. 3 vocabulary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 9 4. 4 speaking skills †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 11 Conclusion †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. †¦.. 14 Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦15 INTRODUCTION This research is devoted to such an interesting phenomenon of our life as proverbs and sayings, and English proverbs and sayings in particular. Proverbs and sayings are records of the development of civilization throughout its history. We strongly believe that to know people's culture and values, one should study their proverbs. People express their beliefs, customs, habits, knowledge, morals and any other capabilities in their proverbs. Nowadays pupils don’t read much and they don’t show much interest in learning either Russian or English proverbs or sayings. We began to write this work because we know that some children don’t think that English proverbs and sayings are worth learning. We want to prove that English proverbs and sayings can be very useful for learning the language. We read books on linguistics and also searched the Internet in order to find some useful information there. The object of our research is the phenomenon of the English proverbs and sayings. The subject of the research is the linguistic value of English proverbs and sayings while learning the language. The goal of the research is to make up a summary of English proverbs and saying which will be useful for teachers and pupils while teaching or learning different aspects of the language. The objectives are: * to study the problem of the definition of proverbs and sayings * to study the origin of English proverbs and sayings to group English proverbs and sayings according to their meaning (thematically) * to analyze the possibility of the usage of English proverbs and sayings in teaching * to make lists of the most useful ones * to find Russian equivalents to English proverbs and sayings Our hypothesis is that English proverbs and sayings can be widely used in teaching different aspects of the language. In this work we used different research methods, such as scientific cognition methods (analysis and synthesis), empirical methods (comparison). We think that the information acquired during the research is useful for learning and understanding the essence of proverbs and sayings and their role in communication; it develops language competence and encourages people to study the cultural aspect of the English language. 1. The problem of the definition of proverbs and sayings According to Oxford Advances Learner’s Dictionary a proverb is a well-known phrase or sentence that gives advice or says something that is generally true, for example ‘Waste not, want not’. A saying is a well-known phrase or statement that expresses something about life that most people believe is wise and true: ‘Accidents will happen’, as the saying goes. A saying is something that is said, notable in one respect or another, â€Å"a pithy expression of wisdom or truth. There are a number of specific types of saying, and one of them is a proverb – an expression of practical truth or wisdom. A proverb, (from the Latin proverbium), is a simple and concrete saying popularly known and repeated, which expresses a truth, based on common sense or the practical experience of humanity. They are often metaphorical. A proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known as a maxim. If a proverb is distinguished by particularly good phrasing, it may be known as an aphorism. The study of proverbs is called: paremiology (from Greek – paroimia, â€Å"proverb†) and can be dated back as far as Aristotle. Paremiography, on the other hand, is the collection of proverbs. Subgenres include proverbial comparisons (â€Å"as busy as a bee†), proverbial interrogatives (â€Å"Does a chicken have lips? †) and twin formulas (â€Å"give and take†). Typical stylistic features of proverbs are: lliteration (Forgive and forget) parallelism (Nothing ventured, nothing gained) rhyme (When the cat is away, the mice will play) ellipsis (Once bitten, twice shy) Internal features that can be found quite frequently include: hyperbole (All is fair in love and war) paradox (For there to be peace there must first be war) personification (Hunger is the best cook) To make the respective statement more general most proverbs are based on a metaphor. Further typical features of the proverb are its shortness (average: seven words), and the fact that its author is generally unknown (otherwise it would be a quotation). We should also understand the difference between a proverb and a saying. A proverb distinguishes from a saying by its instructive nature and maturity. Whereas a saying is usually not quite complete and has no conclusion. 2. The origin of English proverbs and sayings The sources of the proverbs and saying are various. Proverbs exist as folk knowledge in many cultures and diffuse across cultural and language boundaries with surprising ease as cultures adopt sayings from other communities and other languages. At their origin, most proverbs operate in an oral environment, and as such they display many of the same mnemonic traits necessary for purely oral retention and transmission such as alliteration, rhyme, and rhythm. They also display many of the content patterns common in other oral traditions including personification, and hyperbole. In fact most orally transmitted epic poems are constructed from â€Å"cliche† proverb building blocks, that is short, well-known and concrete sayings. Proverbs and sayings become part of common knowledge and nation’s heritage and when we use it we don’t think about its origin. We can suppose that any proverb was created by some definite person in some definite situation, but it’s impossible to find the author of many of them. We think it will be right to say that generally proverbs are of folk origin and their source is the collective intellect of the nation. On the other hand it is quite clear that lots of proverbs and sayings were added by clever people of their times. They say that Shakespeare added more phrases and sayings to the English language than anyone else. It is most likely that lots of them had existed before but not in such an easy to remember form. However, both sources – folk and literary – are intertwined closely together and very often cannot be separated from each other. The world of sail has given us more phrases and sayings than any other occupation. If it isn't Shakespearian and it isn't nautical there's a good chance it's Biblical. Both the Bible (Book of Proverbs) and Medieval Latin have played a considerable role in distributing proverbs across Europe, although almost every culture has examples of its own. Proverbs are also often borrowed from similar languages and cultures, and sometimes come down to the present through more than one language. Every country and language has its own stock of proverbs, and proverbs in our language today reflect every age and time. Art is long and life is short is found originally as a saying of the Greek physician Hippocrates; The apple never falls far from the tree, which means that family characteristics will always assert themselves, is apparently of eastern origin. Sometimes the proverb as we have it today looks back to an earlier period; the idea that Bad money drives out good, recorded from the early 20th century, looks back to the anxieties of the 16th-century financier Sir Thomas Gresham about the debasement of the coinage. The Bible has always been a major source (The leopard does not change his spots! ), but changes in the world around us create new proverbs to reflect current experience. The computing world has given us two of the most durable: Garbage in, garbage out and What you see is what you get. So as we can see the main sources of proverbs and sayings are folk, literary and Biblical. 3. The thematic classification of English proverbs and sayings English proverbs and sayings are numerous and various. It seems quite impossible to divide them all into thematic groups. But we have analyzed the meanings of a great number of English proverbs and sayings and singled out the following topics which are most frequently discussed by pupils in the lesson: [pic] Examples are given in appendix 1. We think that teachers can widely use these proverbs and sayings in their lessons to encourage their pupils to share the ideas and express their opinions while working on this or that topic. 4. 1 The use of English proverbs and sayings in teaching English phonetics English proverbs and sayings can be used by teachers while teaching different aspects of English at school. We think that they can also make the process of learning more interesting and exciting. Some English proverbs can be used to improve pupils’ phonetic skills and pronunciation. Teaching the beginners English proverbs and sayings can be used for practising different sounds, especially those which do not exist in the Russian language. Instead of separate words or phrases with sounds any teacher can use specially selected proverbs and sayings with the sound needed. This type of work can be included on different stages of the lesson and be a kind of relaxation for pupils. We propose the following proverbs and sayings for phonetic drills. Examples are given in appendix 2. We think that proverbs and sayings can be used not only while teaching beginners, but also working with intermediate students, when they can improve both the pronunciation and stimulate the speaking activity. Even advanced pupils learn proverbs and sayings with pleasure while trying to make their pronunciation perfect. Usually pupils have no problems with learning proverbs and sayings and find them interesting and useful. 4. 2 The usage of English proverbs and sayings in teaching English grammar English proverbs and sayings can be widely used in teaching English grammar. We analyzed lots of them and found out that the following grammar aspects can be taught with the help of proverbs and sayings: [pic] Examples are given in appendix 3. It is hardly possible to teach English grammar using only proverbs and sayings, but their use seems highly advisable for making the process of learning more fascinating and interesting. 4. 3 The usage of English proverbs and sayings in teaching English vocabulary English proverbs and sayings can also be widely used for teaching English vocabulary, because children learn a lot of new words from them. Sometimes pupils memorize new words easier better because proverbs and sayings are logical and expressive statements. When pupils learn proverbs and sayings they train their memory, learn how to select necessary words and also develop the emotional expressiveness of their speech. The necessity to find the appropriate Russian equivalents for English proverbs and sayings helps pupils to develop their ability to choose lexical items adequately, stimulates pupils’ desire to use dictionaries and improves their translating skills. For example we can use proverbs and sayings in teaching numbers, because they are easier to learn when the context is vivid. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. ? , ? . Two is company, three is none. . , . If two man ride on a horse, one must ride behind. , . Rain before seven, fine before eleven. ? 7 , ? ? 11 . . . Custom is a second nature. – . , . Two heads are better than one. . . : , ? . , ? . To kill two birds with one stone. . . : (). A cat has nine lives. The following proverbs and sayings can be used in teaching the names of different animals: Every dog is a lion at home. ? . If you cut the woods, you’ll catch the wolf. . There is life in the old dog yet. ? . If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. , . Curses like chickens come home to roost. , ? . Can the leopard change his spots? . Like cow, like calf. , ? . The early bird catches the worm. , . If you sell the cow you will sell her milk too. – . A fly in the ointment. ? . Love me, love my dog. , ? . Curiosity killed the cat. . A living dog is better than a dead lion. ? , ? . Pigs grunt about everything and nothing. . Catch the bear before you sell his skin. , . Learning English proverbs and sayings helps pupils to enrich their lexicon, train their memory and improve translating skills which are very important for anyone who wants to know English well. 4. 4 The usage of English proverbs and sayings in teaching speaking skills Proverbs and sayings can be used in different kinds of exercises for developing pupils’ speaking skills where they can serve as a stimulus. Here are some examples: make up a mini-dialogue using some proverb (work in pairs) â€Å"Two heads are better than one† PI: Tom, I can't do my English today. Can you help me? P2: OK, it’s very not difficult. I’ll help you R1: Thank you very much. Two heads are better than one. â€Å"Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today† PI: Mum, I want to play football with Pete. P2: Have you cleaned up your room? PI: Not yet. I'll do it tomorrow. P2: Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. * make up a collective story about this or that proverb (group work) â€Å"A friend in need is a friend indeed† PI: Yesterday I went to school. P2: We had a test in Russian. P3: But I left my pencil-box at home. P4: I didn’t know what to do. P5: My friend Nick had two pens. P6: He gave me one pen. P7: A friend in need is a friend indeed. * make up a fairy tale with a proverb as a title or a moral (individual work) â€Å"An apple a day keeps a doctor away† Once upon a time there was a little girl. Her name was Mary. She was very ill and her mother called a doctor. The doctor looked at the girl and said: â€Å"You must eat an apple every day. † Every day Mary ate one apple and soon she was fine. Her mother didn't call the doctor any more. An apple a day keeps a doctor away. â€Å"The right thing in the right place†. Mother bought tickets to the cinema. She gave them to me. I put the tickets on my table. When the time came to go to the cinema I didn't remember where they were. I looked for the tickets. I looked and looked and looked and found them under the table. â€Å"The right thing in the right place†. Debates are also very popular with teachers when they want to improve their pupils’ speaking skills. For debates we usually need two different opinions which must be contradictory in their meaning for pupils to try and to prove one of the opinions. English conflicting proverbs can be used to give a general idea for discussion. Examples are given in appendix 4. Proverbs and sayings can be used in different discussions when they can serve as a starting point of expressing pupils’ opinions. We think that conflicting proverbs are very useful for developing speaking skills because they will make any debate more interesting and dynamic. CONCLUSION This research is devoted to such a phenomenon as English proverbs and sayings. Proverbs and sayings are records of the development of civilization throughout its history. A proverb is a simple and concrete saying popularly known and repeated, which expresses a truth, based on common sense or the practical experience of humanity. A saying is saying is a well-known phrase or statement that expresses something about life that most people believe is wise and true. The main difference between a proverb and a saying is that a proverb distinguishes from a saying by its instructive nature and maturity. Whereas a saying is usually not quite complete and has no conclusion. The sources of proverbs and sayings are many various. The main are folk, literary and Biblical. All proverbs and sayings can be divided into various groups according to their meanings: proverbs and sayings about friendship, work, time, money and wealth, health, home and family, love and happiness, weather, learning and others. English proverbs and sayings can be used for teaching different aspects of the language: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, speaking skills on all the levels. Our research is aimed to help teachers in making their lessons more interesting and informative. Having analyzed a great number of English proverbs and sayings we created a sort of collection where they are presented according to their themes. We also grouped them together by grammar aspects. We are sure that English proverbs and sayings can be widely used in teaching different aspects of the language. We hope this collection will serve as a help list for teachers who want to make the process of English studying more interesting and effective for their pupils. REFERENCES 1. ?. ?. . ?. ? . ?. , , 1993. – 3 ?. 2. ?. ?. ? ? ? /?. ?. ; . ?. ?. . 2. . – : ,1995. – 348 ?. 3. ?. ?. ? ? ? . ?. , , 1992. – 222 ?. 4. ?. ?. ?. ?. - ? . -, 1996. – 353 ?. 5. ?. ?. ? . // ? , 1993. – ? 2. – ?. 51-52. 6. ?. ?. ? ? ? IX . // ? , 2000. – ? 1. – ?. 40 – 42. 7. ?. ?. ? // ? , 2001 – ? 2. – ?. 50-52. 8. http://www. ky-net-eye. com/rus/dictionary/english/for-russian-speaking/proverbs 9. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Proverb 10. http://www. classes. ru/proverbs-and-sayings. htm 11. http://eng. 1september. ru/vie w_article. php? ID=200801319 Appendix 1 Thematic classification of English proverbs and saying 1). English proverbs and saying about friendship: A friend in need is a friend indeed. ? . . ? . ? , ? . ? . A friend is never known till needed. , . . . . A friend in court is better than a penny in purse. , ? . A friend who shares is a friend who cares. ? . A broken friendship may be soldered, but will never be sound. (), . . . Friend's frown is better than a foe's smile. , . . , . , ? . A hedge between keeps friendship green. , ? . : ? . A joke never gains an enemy but often loses a friend. , ? . . , , ? ? . , . , . Better an open enemy than a false friend. , . (. , , ? , . ) A friend to all is a friend to none. , , . . — . , . ? , . Even reckoning makes long friends. . . . . — . — . Friends are thieves of time. — . They are hand and glove. , ? . . . . Who keeps company with the wolf, will learn to howl. ? , . . ? , ? . ? - , ? . Old friends and old wine are best. ? . ?. , , ? — . 2). English proverbs and saying about work: Business before pleasure. , . . , . , . Haste makes waste. — . . , ? . — . A bad workman quarrels with his tools. ? ? . . ? ? . — . . The work shows the workman. . ? . After dinner comes the reckoning. . ?. , ? . Ill-gotten gains never prosper. . . . : , ? . In for a penny, in for a pound. , ? . ?. ?. ? , ? , . ) . , . , , . No pains, no gains. ? . . (). ? . To work with the left hand. . . . ? . With time patience the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin. ? ? . . ? . All work and no play makes Jack a d ull boy. ? . . — ? . ? , ? . – , . Many hands make light work. . . , . — , ? — . A busy as a bee. (), . Live and learn. ? . . – . 3). English proverbs and saying about time: Lost time is never found again. . . . May hay while the sun shines. , . . , . , . Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. , . . . , ? . â€Å", , †, - . Procrastination is the thief of time. – . — . . . ? . Take time by the forelock. (?. ?. ). The more haste, the les speed. , . . . . With time patience the leaf of the mulberry becomes satin. ? ? . . ? . Time flies. . Time is money. – . Time is the great healer. - . . - . ). English proverbs and saying about money and wealth: A light purse is a heavy curse. — . . , . A heavy purse makes a light heart. . . , ? . A light purse makes a heavy heart. — . . , ? ? . He that has no money needs no purse. ? , ? . A penny saved is a penny gained. – . . , . — . . Good health is above wealth. . . . . . Money makes the mare go. (?) . Much will have more. . . ? . Strike while the iron is hot. . , . Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves. ? , ? ? . . . ? — ? . Add pence to pence, for wealth comes hence. . . ? — ? . A fool and his money are soon parted. ? . . ? ? . To come off with a whole skin. ? . . . What’s done cannot be undone. , . . . A bad penny always comes back. . Where there’s much there’s brass. , ? . Money begets money. . . . ? . Money has no smell. . Money is a good servant but a bad master. — , . : , ? . . — , ? — . Money often unmakes the men who make it. , . Money to spare likes (needs) good care. . . Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. , , . 5). English proverbs and saying about health: After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. () , ? . Agues come on horseback, but go away on foot. ? , ? . . , ? . , . An apple a day keeps a doctor away. . . Too much knowledge makes the head bald. . . – . Wealth is nothing without health. – . . ? . . — . . Health is not valued till sickness come s. , . . , . What can’t be cured, must be endured. , . : ? , .. An ill wound is cured, not an ill name. , ? — . Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. . ? , , ? . Good health is above wealth. . . . . . ? sound mind in a sound body. ? . 6). English proverbs and saying about home and family: East or West, home is best. , , ? . . ? , ? . There is place like home. . ? , ? . , ? . Every dog is a lion at home. . . ? . ? . The furthest way about is the nearest way home. — . . - . Like master, like man. , ? . . , ? . Like father, like son. , ? . ?. , ? . , ? . , ? . . Men make houses, wom?n make homes. , ? . A good wife makes a good husband. ? ? . . ? . ? ? . A good Jack makes a good Jill. ? ? . . ? ? . If each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city. ? , . It is a sad house where the hen crows louder than the cock. , ? . Charity begins at home. () ? . . ? . Curses like chickens come home to roost. , , . . , ? . . My house is my castle. — . ( ? ). . ? , ? . Burn not your house to rid it of the mouse. He , , . . , ? ? . A house divided against itself cannot stand. . . , ? . Wash your dirty linen at home. . . . 7). English proverbs and saying about love and happiness: Absence makes the heart grow fonder. . , . All is fair in love and war. (, ) ? ? . He that has no children knows not what love is. , ? , , . Love is neither bought nor sold. . – ? . Love in a cottage. ? . . ? ? ? . Love me, love my dog. . , ? . , ? . Love cannot be forced. . . : . . Love is blind, as well as hatred. , ? , . . . . , ? . Love will creep where it may not go. , , . : . . . Salt water and absence wash away love. . . — . Take us as you find us. (), (?. ?. ? ). . , ? . Love lives in cottages as well as in courts. . ? ? ? . ? . ? – ? . be up to the ears in love. . . Unlucky at cards, lucky in love. . ? , ? . True love never grows old. C?. . He is happy that thinks himself so. , , . Happiness takes no account of time. . . . Happy is he that is happy in his children. , (?. ?. ? ). . ? , ? . Beauty lies in lover's eyes. – ? . . : , ? . - , ? - . 8). English proverbs and saying about weather: Rain before seven, fine before eleven (rain before seven, clear by eleven). . It never rains but it pours. , . ( ) If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. . The wind can't be caught in a net. ? . Any port in a storm. ? . Hoist your sail when the wind is fair. . Words are but wind. – . Vows made in storms are forgotten in calms. , ? , ? . Oaks may fall when reeds withstand the storm. , . A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder. ? ? ? . Save it for a rainy day. . After a storm comes the calm. – , – . – : , ? . – . After rain comes fair weather. , ? . The morning sun never lasts a day. . . : It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. , . . : . Sow th e wind and reap the whirlwind. , . When it rains pottage you must hold up your dish. ? , . Small rain lays great dust. . . : , . , A foul morning may turn into a fair day. – . While it is fine weather, mend your sail. , ? ; . 9). English proverbs and saying about learning: Live and learn. ? . . : – . Soon learnt, soon forgotten. . Don’t teach the dog to bark. – . Learn wisdom by the follies of others. . Learn to creep before you leap. , . : . . . Learn to walk before you run. , . Like teacher, like pupil. , ? . Better unborn than untaught. , . Better untaught than ill-taught. , . . : . . Learning is the eye of the mind. – , ? – . Learning makes wise; ignorance otherwise. – , ? – . APPENDIX 2 English proverbs and sayings in teaching pronunciation [w] sound: Where there is a will there is a way. , ? . Waste not, want not. , . When wine is in wit is out. ? : – . What we do willingly is easy. – . When the cat is away, the mice will play. . No sweet without sweat. ? . Time works wonders. . [m] sound: So many men, so many minds. – . To make a mountain out of a molehill. . One man's meat is another man's poison. , . One man, no man. ? . [h] sound: One cannot run with the hare, and hunt with the hounds. Handsome is that handsome does. , . Harm watch, harm catch. – . [b] sound: Bargain is a bargain. . Business before pleasure. , . , . Beggar can never be bankrupt. . [p] sound: Practice makes perfect. . Plenty is no plague. . To buy a pig in a poke. ? . Praise is not pudding. . sound [t] Time and tide wait for no man. . To tell tales out of school. . sounds [t] ? [r]: Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. , . Tree is known by its fruit. , . sounds [t] ? [? :]: Better untaught than ill-taught. . Better unborn than untaught. , . [d] sound: Dogs don’t eat dogs. . Deeds, words. () , ? . Dog eats dog. . Dumb dogs are dangerous. , ? . Desperate diseases must have desperate remedies. . Delays are dangerous. . : () , ? . [k] sound: Care killed the cat. , ? . Curiosity killed a cat. . Quiet conscience sleeps in thunder. ? ? ? . Clear conscience laughs at false accusations. . Close mouth catches no flies. , . Counsel is no command. ? ? . Cut your coat according to your cloth. ? . ? ] sound: Health is above wealth. . Wealth is nothing without health. ? . Nothing venture, nothing have. – . Truth comes out of the mouths of babes and sucklings. . [? ] sound: God helps those who help themselves. ? . Neither here nor there. ? , ? . [ei] sound: Haste makes waste. – . No pains, no gains. ? . Who breaks, pays. , ? . To call a spade a spade. . To lay by for a rainy day. . . : . [i:] sound: Seeing is believing. , ? . To set the wolf to keep the sheep. – , - . [i] sound: Sink or swim! , . To kick against the pricks. . [e] sound: The best defence is offence. – . Add pence to pence, for wealth comes hence. ? — ? . Better late than never. , . [? ] sound: To have rats in the attic. . . . He that mischief hatches, mischief catches. , ? . [u] sound: By hook or by crook. , . APPENDIX 3 English proverbs and sayings in teaching different grammar aspects Adjectives and adverbs. Degrees of comparison: 1. Better late than never. , . 2. Health is better than wealth. . 3. The chain is no stronger than the weakest link. , ? . 4. The shorter the parting the less tears. – . 5. East or West home is best. ? , ? . 6. The nearer the bone the sweeter the meat. . 8. Cheapest is the dearest. , . 9. Better a small fish than an empty dish. ? . 10. The further in the deeper. ? – . 11. The more haste the worse speed. – . 12. Blood is thicker than water. C . 13. The best fish keep near the bottom. , , ? – . 14. A man cannot die more than once. . 15. The first step is the hardest. . 16. Where the river is deepest it makes the least noise. ? . 17. Grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. ? . 18. Another man’s bun looks much more fun. ? . 19. The more you study, the more you know, the more you know, the more you forget. – . 20. Better never begin than never make an end. , , . 21. Every bird thinks his own nest best. . 22. A man can do no more than he can. . 23. Things couldn’t be worse. . 24. He works best who knows his trade. . 25. A living dog is better than a dead lion. ? , ? . 26. The least said, the soonest mended. ? , ? ? . , . 27. The longest day has an end. , ? . 28. Stolen pleasures are sweetest. , ? . Imperatives: 1. Don't cross the bridges before you come to them. . 2. Drive the nail that will go. , . 3. Never say die. , , ? . 4. Do as you would be done by. , . 5. Never cackle till your egg is laid. ? , . 6. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. , . 7. Don’t teach the dog to bark. , . 8. Wash your dirty linen at home. . Modal verbs: 1. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. , . 2. What is done cannot be undone. . 3. You can’t eat your cake and have it. . 4. You can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink. , . 5. You cannot teach old dogs new tricks. , . 6. A willing horse shouldn’t be spurred. ? . Articles: 1. An apple a day keeps a doctor away. . 2. A man can die but once. , ? . 3. A friend in need is a friend indeed. ? . 4. The devil is not so black as he is painted. , . 5. A wise man never wants a weapon. , . 6. A drink is shorter than a tale. . Verbal. Participle I 1. Let sleeping dogs lie. , . 2. A drowning man catches at a straw. ? 3. The tongue ever turns to the aching tooth. ? , ? ? . 4. The pot calling kettle black. , ? . 5. A rolling stone gathers no moss. , . 6. No living man all things can. , . 7. Land flowing with milk and honey. – . 8. To cry stinking fish. . 9. Burning desire is worse than fire. . 10. All lay loads on the willing horse. , ? . Verbal. Participle II 1. A watched pot is long in boiling. – . 2. Better one-eyed than stone-blind. . 3. Varnished tale can’t be round. . 4. Well begun is half done. . 5. Once bitten, twice shy. , . 6. A fault confessed is half redressed. . 7. ? thing well done is twice done. . 8. Threatened folk live long. ? . 9. Packed like sardines. ? . 10. ? burnt child dreads the fire. . Verbal. Gerund 1. Life is not all clear sailing in calm waters. – . 2. Seeing is believing. , . 3. Between promising and performing, a man may marry his daughter. . 4. It’s no use crying for the Moon. ? . 5. There is no harm in trying. (? ). 6. One cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs. – . 7. Learning is the eye of mind. , ? 8. ? clean hand wants no washing. . 9. A watched pot is long in boiling. – . 10. There is no use sticking your head in ? lion’s mouth. . Conditionals 1. If he finds ? man idle, he’ll set him to work. , ? . 2. If I never see you again, it’ll be too soon. ? – . 3. If you agree to carry the calf, they’ll make you to carry the cow. , ? . 4. If my aunt had been a man, she’d have been my uncle. , , ? -. 5. If ifs and ans were pots and pans, there’d be no trade for tinkers. , , ? -. 6. If you dance, you must pay the fiddle. , ? . 7. If youth but knew, if age but could. , . 8. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. , . 9. If you agree to carry the calf, they'll make you carry the cow. – ? . 10. If you laugh before breakfast you'll cry before supper. , . Passive Voice 1. Nothing is lost for asking. . 2. Love is neither bought nor sold – ? . 3. An oak is not felled with one stroke. . 4. Rome was not built in a day. . 5. He who pleased everyone died before he was born. . 6. Nothing is secret, that shall not be made manifest. , . 7. Success is never blamed. . 8. A fault confessed is half redressed. . 9. thing well done is twice done. . 10. If things were to be done twice all would be wise. . Nouns. Plural 1. Too many cooks spoil the broth. ? . 2. Hunger breaks stone walls. . 3. Can the leopard change his spots? . 4. A cat in gloves catches no mice. ? . 5. Life is not a bed of roses. – . 6. So many countries, so many customs. , , , . 7. Hell is full of good wishes. ? . . They don’t bring coals in Newcastle. ? . 9. They don’t carry owls in Athens. ? . 10. Hard words break no bones. . 11. Men may meet but mountains never. ? , ? ? . 12. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. , . 13. Little strokes fell great oaks. . 14. A horse that will not carry a saddle must have no oats. , . 15. There is small choice in rotten apples. . Nouns. Possessive Case 1. All the keys hang not at one man’s girdle. . 2. Another man’s soul is always dark. – . 3. It’s only child’s play to what is on the way. , ? . 4. Pigeon’s milk. . 5. To be tied to one’s wife’s apron-strings. ? . 6. The last drop that breaks camel’s back. , . 7. On? man’s meat is another man’s poison. , ? . 8. I’m not my brother’s keeper. ? . 9. Cat’s cheers are mice’s tears. , ? . 10. The shoemaker’s wife is the worst shod. . 11. Another man’s bun looks much more fun. ? . 12. Crows never pick crow’s eye. . 13. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. . APPENDIX 4 Conflicting proverbs and sayings for debates Absence makes the heart grow fonder. – Out of sight, out of mind. Actions speak louder than words. – The pen is mightier than the sword. A silent man is a wise one. – A man without words is a man without thoughts. Look before you leap. – He who hesitates is lost. Many hands make light work. Too many cooks spoil the broth. Beware of Greeks bearing gifts. – Don't look a gift horse in the mouth. Clothes make the man. – Don't judge a book by its cover. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. – Better safe than sorry. The bigger, the better. – The best things come in small packages. What will be, will be. – Life is what you make it. Cross your bridges when you com e to them. – Forewarned is forearmed. What's good for the goose is good for the gander. – One man's meat is another man's poison. With age comes wisdom. – Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings come all wise sayings. The more, the merrier. Two's company; three's a crowd. It's the squeaky wheel that gets the grease. – The nail that sticks out gets hammered. The best things in life are free. – You get what you pay for. It never rains, than it pours. – Lightning never strikes twice in the same place. Everything comes to him who waits. – He who hesitates is lost. Opposites attract. – Birds of a feather flock together. Never too old to learn. – You can't teach an old dog new tricks. There is nothing permanent except change. – There is nothing new under the sun. Variety is the spice of life. – Don't change horses in the middle of a stream. Never do evil that good may come of it. – The end justifies the means. Better to ask the way t